FMC发布关于霍尔木兹海峡附加费的声明，鼓励货主对违规收费进行举报

恒承国际货运

 　　当地时间3月11日，美国联邦海事委员会（FMC）发布官方公告，称其正密切关注当前中东冲突对霍尔木兹海峡航运状况的影响。

　　根据其法定权限，美国联邦海事委员会将确保作为公共承运人的全球航运企业因海峡及邻近水域商业航运面临的威胁而实施的涨价、附加费和收费规则不违反美国《航运法》！

　　美国联邦海事委员会（FMC）在公告中鼓励作为货主、货代的托运人及时查阅船公司的收费账单。对于任何违规收费或涨价等嫌违反服务合同行为，可及时向法院提起诉讼。

　　以下为美国联邦海事委员会（FMC）公告原文及官方链接：

　　Commission Statement Regarding Strait of Hormuz Surcharges

　　委员会关于霍尔木兹海峡附加费的声明

　　The Federal Maritime Commission (FMC or Commission) is closely monitoring the impact the current conflict in the Middle East is having on shipping conditions through the Strait of Hormuz. Under its statutory authority the Commission ensures that rates charges and rules that common carriers have implemented as a result of the threats to commercial shipping in the Strait and neighboring waters do not violate the Shipping Act.

　　美国联邦海事委员会（FMC 或委员会）正密切关注当前中东冲突对霍尔木兹海峡航运状况的影响。根据其法定权限，委员会确保公共承运人因海峡及邻近水域商业航运面临的威胁而实施的费率、收费和规则不违反《航运法》。

　　Commission regulations at 46 CFR 520.8(a)(1&2) require common carriers to provide at least 30 days between the publication and effective date of a change to a tariff that results in an increased cost to shippers.  46 CFR 520.14(c) outlines a process through which a common carrier may submit a Special Permission (SP) request showing good cause to reduce this 30-day waiting period.  The Commission reviews and votes on all SP requests.  If an SP is granted the approval will show the effective date permitted for the charge. Per 46 CFR 520.7(c) a tariff rate charge or rule must be in effect at the time the carrier or its agent receives cargo.

　　根据联邦法规 46 CFR 520.8(a)(1&2) 的规定，公共承运人必须在公布导致托运人成本增加的运价变更后，至少预留 30 天的通知期。46 CFR520.14(c) 概述了公共承运人提交特殊许可(SP)申请的流程，该申请需说明缩短 30 天等待期的正当理由。联邦法规 46 CFR 520.7(c) 规定，运费、附加费或收费规则必须在承运人或其代理人收到货物时生效。

　　The Commission maintains a list of all common carrier tariff locations for Vessel-Operating Common Carrier and Non-Vessel-Operating Common Carrier.

　　委员会维护着船舶运营公共承运人和无船运营公共承运人所有公共承运人收费地点的清单。

　　Shippers are encouraged to access and review their common carrier’s tariff. Ocean common carriers are responsible for ensuring that service contracts and their amendments are filed in a timely and accurate manner and for compliance with the Shipping Act’s statutory prohibitions against unjustly discriminatory practices unreasonable prejudices and unreasonable refusals to deal. Parties should be familiar with the terms of their service contract. If a service contract incorporates all or a portion of a carrier’s published tariff then the associated rates charges or rules must be applied based on their effective date at the time of cargo receipt. Shippers are reminded that under the Shipping Act filing suit in a court of law is the exclusive remedy for any alleged breach of a service contract unless parties agree to an alternative dispute resolution forum. (46 U.S.C. § 40502(f)).

　　鼓励托运人查阅其承运人的运价表。海运承运人有责任确保服务合同及其修订及时、准确地备案，并遵守《航运法》中关于禁止不公正歧视、不合理偏见和无理拒绝交易的法定规定。各方应熟悉其服务合同的条款。如果服务合同包含承运人公布运价表的全部或部分内容，则相关费率、费用或规则必须根据货物接收时的生效日期适用。托运人请注意，根据《航运法》，除非双方同意采用其他争议解决方式，否则向法院提起诉讼是针对任何涉嫌违反服务合同行为的唯一救济途径（ 46 USC § 40502(f) ）。

　　Alleging breach of a contract (i.e. a failure to comply with agreed-upon terms) is different than alleging that a common carrier might have violated the Shipping Act’s guidelines.  The Commission may on complaint or its own motion investigate potential Shipping Act violations.  Shipping Act violations if found may result in fines being assessed against the common carrier or damages awarded to a shipper.

　　指控违反合同（即未能遵守约定条款）与指控公共承运人可能违反《航运法》的规定有所不同。委员会可根据投诉或主动调查潜在的《航运法》违规行为。如果查明存在违反《航运法》的行为，委员会可能会对公共承运人处以罚款，或判令其向托运人支付赔偿金

　　Shippers should file a complaint with the Commission or contact the office of Consumer Affairs and Dispute Resolution Services if they are concerned that a carrier is acting in a manner that does not comply with 46 CFR Part 520.

　　如果托运人担心承运人的行为不符合 46 CFR 第 520 部分的规定，则应向委员会提出投诉或联系消费者事务和争议解决服务办公室。